Device for measuring length

ABSTRACT

A linear measuring device having a tape-shaped measuring body that is arranged in a closed conduit, which is opened on at least one front face and a sensor, which is moved along the measuring body and the sensor picks up information stored on the measuring body. An evaluation unit, which evaluates the information obtained from the sensor and processes the information further and a fixation structure provided inside the conduit, which releasably fixes the measuring body in place inside the conduit in such a way that, when needed, the measuring body is replaced by being removed from a front face of the conduit.

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present invention relates to a linear measuring device, having a tape-shaped measuring body, a sensor/sensors, which is/are moved along the measuring body and in the course of this picks up/pick up the information stored on the measuring body, evaluates/evaluate it, if needed, and passes/pass it on.

[0002] Linear measuring devices are employed in many areas, for example with measuring machines, machine tools, metal processing machines, laser installations, positioning installations, wood-working machines, automatic insertion machines, handling installations, welding installations, eroding installations, presses, lifting platforms, elevators and so on.

[0003] Moreover, such linear measuring devices have their areas of use in connection with position determinations on linear axes, linear motors and displacement units.

[0004] In many areas a particularly great measuring accuracy is demanded here, which extends down into the nanometer range.

[0005] Problems with the pick-up of measuring data can be caused, for example, by chips, spraying coolant fog, solvents, common oils, greases, water and mechanical wear.

PRIOR ART

[0006] Linear measuring devices of the type mentioned at the outset are known and documented in the catalog “Magnetisches Längenmesssystem MS01—Technisches Handbuch” [Magnetic Linear Measuring System MS01—Technical Manual] of Applicant. The measuring system employed in this connection consists of a measuring body, a connector cable and an evaluation system, comprised of a sensor head and an electronic evaluation device. The sensor head picks up the position while being moved over the measuring body. In the course of this, the sensor takes information from magnetic fields and passes these signals on to the electronic evaluation device. The electronic evaluation device processes these signals into interface-usable protocols for the exact position determination.

[0007] A problem with known linear measuring devices lies in that they cannot be replaced in case of repairs, if they are permanently integrated into the respective existing component or into the machine. To protect the measuring bodies against chips, spraying coolant fog, solvents, common oils, greases, water and mechanical wear, they are integrated into enclosed spaces, which cannot be opened for disassembly or reassembly without destroying them, i.e. the parts of the known linear measuring devices surrounding the space, in particular along the measuring axis, cannot be completely reused, or used without subsequent treatment.

REPRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION

[0008] Based on the mentioned prior art, the object of the present invention is derived from the technical problem of disclosing a linear measuring device of the type mentioned at the outset, which assures the advantages regarding accuracy, dependability and protection of the known linear measuring devices, and at the same time makes an extremely efficient repair or replacement of existing components possible.

[0009] The linear measuring device in accordance with the invention is defined by the characteristics of independent claim 1. Advantageous embodiments and further developments are the subject of the depending claims.

[0010] Accordingly, the linear measuring device in accordance with the invention is distinguished by the following characteristics: the measuring body is arranged in a closed conduit, which is open or can be opened only on at least one front face, and fixation means are provided inside the conduit, which releasably fix the measuring body inside the conduit in such a way that, when needed, the measuring body can be replaced by drawing it out, or inserting it, from the front face of the conduit.

[0011] An embodiment variation is preferably used in this connection which is distinguished in that the fixation means fix the measuring body in place by means of elastically applied pressure.

[0012] In view of the structurally existing circumstances in the industrial area, a particularly advantageous further development is distinguished in that the fixation means push the measuring body against the inner area of the conduit facing the sensor/sensors.

[0013] In accordance with the invention it was found that by means of the releasable arrangement of the measuring body inside a closed system, the replacement of the measuring body is possible without problems at any time, without it being necessary to replace or mechanically process guide rails, machine beds or other components, which are specially made for the measuring body, in their entirety. Simultaneously, because of the presence of the measuring body in a closed conduit, the measuring body is dependably protected against high stress or influences occurring in the industrial area, for example chips, spraying coolant fog, solvents, common oils, greases, water and mechanical wear, which can lead to measuring errors.

[0014] A preferred alternative embodiment is distinguished in that the fixation means are embodied as a closed tape body, or as a tape body with an elastic hollow profiled cross section, and in particular with a valve unit, wherein the cross sectional dimensions of the tape body can be changed by changing the volume within the tape body, or of the profiled cross section, by the supply or removal of a liquid or gaseous medium. The tape body is preferably designed in the form of a cellular tape body.

[0015] A further particularly advantageous alternative is distinguished in that the fixation means are embodied as elastic tape bodies, whose cross-sectional dimensions can be changed by changing a tensile force acting on the elastic tape body, wherein the elastic tape body can be embodied in particular as a rubber band or a corrugated tape. In case of the embodiment in the shape of a corrugated tape the conditions are such that, in the inserted state the corrugated tape is provided with a support point inside the closed conduit respectively at the extreme point of the wave trough, or the depth of the wave, which makes the dependable fixation of the measuring body in place possible.

[0016] In view of a particularly efficient production and of an embodiment which meets the demanded accuracy, the latter is distinguished in that the closed conduit is provided by a groove existing in a component and a cover tape covering the groove, wherein in accordance with a particularly preferred embodiment the cover tape, which is preferably designed as a sheet metal cover, is welded on or glued on. This variation offers particular advantages in regard to the demanded accuracy, because the cover tape can be arranged on the surface which has been ground of a component, by means of which it is possible to assure the exact geometric positioning of the cover tape, and therefore, in connection with the fixation means, also of the measuring body arranged behind the cover tape.

[0017] The measuring body can be designed as a flexible measuring body tape or as a rigid measuring body tape.

[0018] A particularly preferred embodiment, which assures a very high accuracy of the linear measurement, is distinguished in that the linear measuring device is designed as a magnetic measuring device, i.e. the sensor/sensors picks up/pick up the different magnetic field strengths existing on the tape-shaped measuring body, and emits/emit its/their signals to the evaluation unit.

[0019] A particularly preferred embodiment, which assures a very high accuracy of the linear measurement, is distinguished in that the linear measuring device is embodied as an inductive measuring device, i.e. the sensor/sensors picks up/pick up the varying permeability values existing on the tape-shaped measuring body, and emits/emit its/their signals to the evaluation unit.

[0020] An alternative embodiment is distinguished in that the wall of the conduits assigned to the working area, i.e. the sensor/sensors, is embodied as an elastic wall, concavely arched inward into the conduit and, in the state where it is inserted into the conduit, the measuring body pushes the convex wall area outward and is clampingly held thereby.

[0021] A particularly preferred embodiment is distinguished in that the fixation means are embodied as individual elements, which are inserted from the rear of the conduit through a in a recess of the component enclosing the conduit and fixed in place, wherein the fixation means are preferably embodied as screws.

[0022] The linear measuring device in accordance with the invention can be preferably arranged in a guide profile, in a machine bed, or in other components particularly made for the measuring body.

[0023] It has been recognized by means of the invention that the efficient employment of such linear measuring devices can be considerably increased because of the ability to replace the measuring body inside a closed conduit. In the case of a required repair, or a required replacement of the measuring body, the latter can be pulled out of the closed conduit because of the capability of releasing the provided fixation means, and can be replaced by a fresh measuring body without it being necessary to rework or replace the entire guide profile, the entire machine bed, or any other component specially made for the measuring body. At the same time the measuring body is provided in a closed conduit and is therefore protected from rough environmental effects.

[0024] An alternative embodiment of the linear measuring device of the invention, which should be considered independently from the above mentioned embodiments, is distinguished in that the measuring body is arranged in a closed conduit, which is open or can be opened only on at least one front face, and that the measuring body is contained inside the conduit under prestress. The procedure in this case is that the measuring body is first inserted into the circuit, is placed under a tensile stress and in this state is releasably fixed in place inside the conduit. This advantageously takes place by means of fixation unit present at the front faces of the conduit.

[0025] A particularly preferred embodiment of a linear measuring device, which assures a permanent dependable fixation of the measuring body and an extremely simple replacement process for it, is distinguished in that the fixation means are embodied in the form of at least one elastic hose, in particular in the form of at least two elastic hoses. In this connection an advantageous embodiment is further distinguished in that the inner hollow space of the fixation means is embodied so it can be evacuated, wherein the hose/hoses is/are evacuated for exchanging the measuring body, so that the measuring body is provided loose in the conduit and can be pulled out in a simple way, and a fresh measuring body can be inserted thereafter. Subsequently the hose/hoses is/are again subjected to ambient pressure, because of which they expand and fix the inserted measuring body in place. It is also conceivable to put the hose/hoses under pressure.

[0026] An advantageous further development which entails advantages in process technology is distinguished in that several guide profiles, arranged one behind the other, are provided, wherein either a continuous measuring body, or one measuring body per guide profile can be provided.

[0027] A particularly preferred embodiment, which allows the pick-up of a plurality of measured values without problems, is distinguished in that several conduits, or grooves with a measuring body and fixation means, exist on/in the guide profile, or on/in the machine bed, or on/in specially produced components, which are scanned by appropriate sensor units.

[0028] In order to simplify the replacement process, or insertion process, it is advantageous to provide a sliding means inside the conduit or the groove.

[0029] The guide profile can also be circularly designed in the longitudinal direction, i.e. the linear measuring device is used for purposes of circular measurement.

[0030] Additional fixation means can be provided in order to assure a permanently dependable fixation in place of the inserted measuring body, by means of which the measuring body is positively or non-positively fixed in the conduit or the groove.

[0031] A particularly advantageous embodiment, wherein the guide profile has continuous recesses for fastening means for connecting the guide profile on the base, is distinguished in that a further information unit, which can be preferably designed as a magnetic unit, is arranged in at least one recess and contains information regarding reference points or end positions, which can be evaluated by a sensor.

[0032] Further embodiments and advantages of the invention ensue from the characteristics further listed in the claims, as well as from the exemplary embodiments listed in what follows. The characteristics of the claims can be combined with each other in any arbitrary manner, provided they are not obviously mutually exclusive.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] The invention, as well as advantageous further developments thereof, will be described in greater detail and explained in what follows by means of the examples represented in the drawings. The characteristics which can be taken from the description or the drawings can be applied individually by themselves or in any arbitrary combination with each other in accordance with the invention. Shown are in:

[0034]FIG. 1, a greatly schematized cross section through a guide profile with a carriage placed on it, which is movable in the longitudinal direction and whose position is to be determined with the use of a measuring body provided inside a closed conduit and whose information is detected by means of a sensor head fastened on the carriage.

[0035]FIG. 2, a greatly schematized representation of the basic principle of the linear measuring device,

[0036]FIGS. 3a, b, a schematic cross section through a closed conduit with inserted fixation means in the fixed (FIG. 3a) and non-fixed (FIG. 3b) state, wherein the fixation means are embodied as cellular tape bodies,

[0037]FIGS. 4a, b, a schematic section representation from above of the closed conduit in the non-fixed state in accordance with FIG. 3b, and in the fixed state in accordance with FIG. 3a,

[0038]FIGS. 5a, b, a schematic cross-sectional representation of a view from above of the employment of a rubber band in the inserted state (FIG. 5a) and in the fixed state (FIG. 5b),

[0039]FIGS. 6a, b, a schematic cross-sectional representation of a view from above of the employment of a corrugated tape in the non-fixed state (FIG. 6a) and in the fixed state (FIG. 6b),

[0040]FIGS. 7a, b, a schematic section through a conduit with a concavely inward arched cover tape, which in accordance with FIG. 7b fixes the introduced measuring body in place,

[0041]FIG. 8, a schematic cross section through a conduit with inserted fixation means embodied as screws,

[0042]FIGS. 9a, b, a schematic cross section through a conduit area with inserted fixation means in the fixed (FIG. 9a) and non-fixed (FIG. 9b) state, wherein the fixation means are embodied as two elastic hoses,

[0043]FIG. 10, a schematic detailed perspective of a second embodiment of a linear measuring device having a sensor arranged laterally on a carriage,

[0044]FIGS. 11a, b, a schematic lateral view of a linear measuring device with several guide profiles arranged one behind the other,

[0045]FIG. 12, a schematic view from above on a linear measuring device with guide profiles arranged in circles,

[0046]FIGS. 13a, b, a schematic cross sectional representation through a conduit area with inserted fixation means in the fixed (FIG. 13a) and non-fixed (FIG. 13b) state, wherein the fixation means are embodied as a metallic hollow-profiled tape with convexly outward curved wall units,

[0047]FIG. 14, a schematic section through the profiled unit in accordance with FIG. 10 in the area of a continuous recess, in which an additional information unit is arranged,

[0048]FIGS. 15a, b, a schematic detailed perspective of the replacement process of the measuring body by means of the employment of syringes, wherein elastic hoses in accordance with FIGS. 9a, b are employed as fixation means, and

[0049]FIG. 16, a schematic cross-sectional representation of a guide profile with two grooves, in each of which a measuring body and a fixation means are arranged.

WAYS OF EXECUTING THE INVENTION

[0050] A linear measuring device 10 is schematically represented in FIG. 2, which shows the construction in principle. A measuring body 12 is fastened on a component, not shown in detail, which is embodied in a tape-like manner and, in the represented exemplary embodiment, has a ferritic material bound in polymer. A magnetic alternating field is generated above the measuring body by means of a systematic magnetization with alternating south and north poles.

[0051] At the same time there is a sensor/sensors 14, which movably scans/scan the measuring body 12 in its longitudinal direction A. The sensor/sensors converts/convert the field strength differences, present on the magnetic measuring body 12 because of the changing field strength, into signals, which it/they passes/pass on to an electronic evaluation unit 16 via a connecting cable 44. The evaluation unit 16 detects the signals coming from the sensor/sensors 14 and evaluates them. The evaluated signals are supplied, for example, to a display unit 18, or a memory or further processing unit 20. The measuring system can also be embodied as an inductive measuring system.

[0052]FIG. 1 shows a practical implementation of the use of the linear measuring device in accordance with the invention in the framework of a guide profile 22 arranged on a base 26. A U-shaped carriage 24 is longitudinally displaceably seated by means of a roller bearing 28 above the rectangular-shaped guide profile 22. A groove 32 has been milled into the right lower lateral wall of the guide profile 22 which, together with a cover tape 30 applied to the outside, for instance welded on, forms a closed conduit 42.

[0053] A sensor/sensors 14 is/are seated on the carriage 24 directly in front of the conduit 42, which is/are longitudinally displaceable along with the carriage 24, and scans/scan a measuring body 12 located inside the conduit 42 for detecting the longitudinal position.

[0054] A first exemplary embodiment is represented in FIGS. 3 and 4.

[0055] As in FIG. 1, the sheet metal cover 30 is welded to the front end face of the component, for example by means of weld seams 34, by means of which the conduit 42 is formed together with the groove 32.

[0056] A cellular tape body 38 is used, which has an air-tight envelope and a valve unit 36 on its front face. At first the cellular tape body 38 has cross-sectional contours which permit it to be pushed into the conduit 42. Insertion takes place after the tape-shaped measuring body 12 has been pushed into the conduit 42. This situation is represented in FIG. 4a.

[0057] After the cellular tape body 38 has been pushed into its end position in the conduit 42, the valve unit 36 is opened, so that any arbitrary liquid or gaseous medium flows in and leads to an increase of the cross-sectional dimensions of the cellular tape body 38, which has the result that the measuring body 12 is pressed against the inner wall of the cover tape 30 and fixed in place there, and the cellular tape body 38 is elastically clamped inside the conduit 42. In this position the dependable fixation of the measuring body 42 is assured, so that the measurements required during operation can be dependably performed by means of the sensor/sensors.

[0058] If now the need for replacing the measuring body arises, for example if there are defects, the introduced medium is again removed in a simple manner through the valve unit 36, which results in a reduction of the cross-sectional dimensions of the cellular tape body. In this state the measuring body 12 is in its released position inside the conduit 42 and can be pulled out without problems from a front end. Subsequently a fresh measuring body 12 can be inserted, which is fixed in place in that medium is again supplied to the cellular tape body 38 through the valve unit 36, so that this cellular tape body 38 presses the measuring body 12 against the inner wall of the cover tape 30 for a dependable positional fixation. Air, for example, can be used as the medium.

[0059] In a further exemplary embodiment in accordance with FIGS. 5a and b, an elastic tape body is used as the fixation means for the measuring body 12, which is embodied as a rubber band 40.1. In the course of assembly, the rubber band 40.1 is tensed (arrow Z) and inserted into the conduit 42. As soon as the tensile force effect is released, the cross-sectional dimensions of the rubber band 40.1 increase and thereby press the measuring body 12 against the inside of the cover tape 30.

[0060] If the measuring body is to be replaced, a tensile force is exerted on the rubber band 40.1, which causes a reduction of the cross-sectional dimensions of the band itself, so that the measuring body 12 is released from its fixation and can be pulled out of the front end of the conduit 42. Thereafter a fresh measuring body 12 is inserted into the conduit 42 and the tensile stress on the rubber band is released, so that the newly inserted measuring body 12 is dependably permanently fixed in place inside the conduit 42.

[0061] A further embodiment is represented in FIGS. 6a and b, wherein the rubber band 40.1 has been replaced by a corrugated tape 40.2, whose cross-sectional dimensions are also reduced by tensile stress Z, by means of which the insertion, or removal of the measuring body 12 is assured. The dependable fixation in place of the measuring body 12 inside the conduit 42 takes place after the tensile force Z is released. The measuring body 12 is elastically pressed against the inside of the cover tape 30—respectively at points in the area of the extreme points of the corrugated tape 40.2. The corrugated tape 40.2 is simultaneously clamped inside the conduit 42.

[0062] An embodiment variation which is independent of the above mentioned exemplary embodiments is distinguished in that a cover tape 30.1 is employed, which has ab initio a concave arch pointing in the direction of the groove 32. The cover tape 30.1 also has elastic properties, i.e. that a draw-in of the measuring body 12 is possible, wherein with the measuring body 12 drawn in, the cover tape 30.1 exerts an elastically acting pressure D on the measuring body, so that in the inserted state the latter is releasably clamped in place.

[0063] Economical employment possibilities are opened by means of the represented linear measuring devices, which have as their particular aim the ability of replacing a measuring body without problems in case of a malfunction, without it being necessary to replace guide profiles, machine bed units or other components in their entirety. It was recognized by means of the invention that a problem-free, and therefore economical replacement is possible by the employment of releasable fixation means within a closed conduit, in which the measuring body is arranged. Therefore the employment of the linear measuring system in accordance with the invention makes possible the replacement, or a repair of the linear measuring system without it being necessary to replace cost-intensive guide profiles, machine bed arrangements or components.

[0064] An embodiment variation is represented in FIG. 8, wherein the measuring body inserted into the conduit 12 is fixed in place by a screw unit 50, which has been inserted through a recess 52 in the back of the guide profile 22. Viewed in the longitudinal direction of the measuring body 12, several screws 50 are provided in a preset grid pattern. It is also possible to employ other fixation elements besides screws 50, which have the capability of being releasably fixed in place on the guide profile, and at the same time to press the measuring body 12 against the rear wall of the sheet metal cover 30.

[0065] An advantageous embodiment of a linear measuring device in accordance with the invention, which has particularly proven itself in actual use, is represented in FIGS. 9a and b. As in the exemplary embodiment in accordance with FIGS. 3a and b, the conduit 42 is constituted by a groove 32 milled into the guide profile 22 and an exterior closing cover tape 30. Two elastic hoses 60 are arranged in the bottom of the groove, which are under ambient pressure and because of their elasticity push the measuring body 12 arranged on the top against the inner wall of the cover tape 30, so that the measuring body 12 is fixed in its position.

[0066] The replacement of the measuring body 12 is schematically represented in FIGS. 15a and b. The elastic hoses 60 are closed airtight (not represented) in one of their end areas. Then a syringe 70 is placed into the other end area. The interior of the hoses 60 is at least partially evacuated by means of the syringe, so that the interior contracts. As a result the elastic clamping effect against the measuring body 12 is canceled. This state is also shown in cross section in FIG. 9b. In the state in accordance with FIG. 15b, or 9 b, the measuring body 12 can be pulled out of the conduit 42 in a simple way (arrow H), and a fresh measuring body 12 can thereafter be inserted into the conduit 42. Following the insertion of the fresh measuring body 12, the hoses are again set under ambient pressure, so that they expand and press the measuring body 12 in an elastically clamping way against the inner wall of the cover tape 30.

[0067] For easing the pull-out or insertion of the measuring body, a sliding means can be provided inside the conduit 42.

[0068] It is also conceivable to put the hoses under pressure, by means of which a clearly defined pressing force against the measuring body 12 can be set.

[0069] A further embodiment of a linear measuring device 10.1 is represented in FIG. 10, which has a guide profile 22.4 which has U-shaped recesses with inclined flanks on both of its lateral longitudinal edges. The groove 32 is formed in the right lower flank, in which the fixation means and the measuring body 12 are arranged. The groove 32 is closed off by means of the cover tape 30. A guide carriage 24.1 slides positively in the longitudinal direction on the guide profile 22.4. A sensor 14.1 is connected on the side of the guide carriage 24.1, which passes the signals detected from the measuring body 12 on to the evaluation unit 16 via the connecting cable 44.

[0070] The guide profile 22.4 has continuous recesses 54, which are provided in a grid-shape, are spaced apart in the longitudinal direction and are primarily used for connecting the guide profile 22.4 by means of inserted fastening means 54 (also see FIG. 14) with the base 26. In addition, a further information unit 56 is inserted in the top of the recess 54, which is preferably designed as a magnetic unit. The information unit 56 contains information regarding possible reference points, or end positions, which are also detected by the sensor 14.1.

[0071] Finally, it is also schematically indicated in FIG. 10 that the measuring body 12 is exactly maintained in its position inside the groove by additional fixation means 80. In the exemplary embodiment represented, the additional fixation means 80 is embodied as a screw, which has been screwed in from the outside through the cover tape. In embodiment variations which are not represented, the additional fixation means can be embodied as non-positive, as well as positive fixation means.

[0072]FIG. 11a shows several guide profiles 22.1, 22.2, 22.3, which are arranged one behind the other, into which a continuous measuring body 12 is inserted. The embodiment variation in accordance with FIG. 11b differs from the one in accordance with FIG. 11a in that each guide profile 22.1, 22.2, 22.3 has its own measuring body 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, i.e. there is no continuous measuring body provided.

[0073] A view from above on a linear measuring device is schematically represented in FIG. 12, wherein the guide profile 22.5 is circularly embodied in the longitudinal direction, i.e. the linear measuring device is used for circular measurements.

[0074]FIGS. 13a and b show another embodiment variation of the fixation means 40.3. In this exemplary embodiment, the fixation means are designed as a metallic hollow tape body, wherein the hollow tape body is constituted by two convexly outside curved elastic sheet metal wall units 62, which are connected on the lateral longitudinal edges, preferably welded together.

[0075] The fixation principle, or the replacement possibility, functions similar to the process already described in connection with FIGS. 15a, b. Under ambient pressure, the metallic tape body 40.3 in accordance with FIG. 13a is expanded, so that it presses the measuring body 12 against the inner wall of the sheet metal cover 30 and fixes it in place. For replacing the measuring body 12, an underpressure is generated in the interior of the tape body 40.3, so that the interior volume of the tape body 40.3 is reduced—as represented in FIG. 13b. In this state the measuring body 12.3 can be removed (arrow H), and a fresh measuring body 12 can be inserted.

[0076] In the cross section of a guide profile 22.6 represented in FIG. 16, which substantially has the same cross-sectional contour as the guide profile 22.4 in accordance with FIG. 10, a further groove 32 is also provided on the opposite lower flank of the guide profile 22.6, in which the measuring body 12 and the fixation means 40 are arranged. It is moreover possible to provide additional grooves with inserted measuring bodies 12 and fixation means 40, not further represented in FIG. 16. 

1. A linear measuring device (10), having a tape-shaped measuring body (12), a sensor/sensors (14), which is/are moved along the measuring body (12) and in the process picks/pick up the information stored on the measuring body (12), an evaluation unit (16), which evaluates the information obtained from the sensor/sensors (14) and processes it further, characterized by the following features: the measuring body (12) is arranged in a closed conduit (42), which is only open or can be opened on at least one front face, and fixation means (38, 40.1, 40.2, 50, 60) are provided inside the conduit (42), which releasably fix the measuring body (12) in place inside the conduit (42) in such a way that, when needed, the measuring body (12) can be replaced by being pulled out, or inserted, from the front face of the conduit (42).
 2. The linear measuring device in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the fixation means (38, 40.1, 40.2, 50, 60) fix the measuring body (12) in place by means of an elastically applied pressure.
 3. The linear measuring device in accordance with claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the fixation means (38, 40.1, 40.2, 50, 60) press the measuring body (12) against the inner wall area of the conduit (42) facing the sensor/sensors (14).
 4. The linear measuring device in accordance with one or several of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fixation means (38, 40.1, 40.2, 50, 60) are embodied as a closed tape body, or as a tape body with an elastic hollow profiled cross section, wherein the cross sectional dimensions of the tape body can be changed by changing the volume within the tape body, or of the profiled cross section, by the supply or removal of a liquid or gaseous medium.
 5. The linear measuring device in accordance with one or several of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fixation means (40.1, 40.2) are embodied as elastic tape bodies, whose cross-sectional dimensions can be changed by changing a tensile force acting on the elastic tape body.
 6. The linear measuring device in accordance with claim 5, characterized in that the elastic tape body (40.1) is embodied as a rubber band.
 7. The linear measuring device in accordance with claim 5, characterized in that the elastic tape body (40.2) is embodied as a corrugated tape.
 8. The linear measuring device in accordance with one or several of the preceding claims, characterized in that the closed conduit (42) is provided by a groove (32) existing in a component, and a cover tape (30) covering the groove (30).
 9. The linear measuring device in accordance with claim 8, characterized in that the cover tape (30) is welded, soldered or glued on, etc. wherein the cover tape (30) can be designed in particular as a sheet metal cover.
 10. The linear measuring device in accordance with claim 1, 8 or 10, characterized by the following features: the wall of the conduit (42) assigned to the working area, i.e. the sensor/sensors (14), is embodied as an elastic wall, concavely arched inward into the conduit and, in the state where it is inserted into the conduit, the measuring body (12) pushes the convex wall area outward and is clampingly held thereby.
 11. The linear measuring device in accordance with one or several of the preceding claims, characterized in that the measuring body (12) is embodied as a flexible measuring body tape.
 12. The linear measuring device in accordance with one or several of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the measuring body is embodied as a rigid measuring body.
 13. The linear measuring device in accordance with one or several of the preceding claims, characterized in that the linear measuring device is designed as a magnetic measuring device, i.e. the sensor/sensors (14) picks up/pick up the different magnetic field strengths existing on the tape-shaped measuring body (12), and emits/emit its/their signals to the evaluation unit (16).
 14. The linear measuring device in accordance with one or several of the preceding claims, characterized in that the closed conduit (42) with the measuring body (12), the sensor/sensors (14), and fixation means (38, 40.1, 40.2) are arranged on/in a guide profile (22), or arranged on/in a machine bed, or on/in other components particularly made for the measuring body.
 15. The linear measuring device in accordance with claim 4, characterized in that the tape body is embodied as a cellular tape body, which can be at least partially evacuated or expanded.
 16. The linear measuring device in accordance with one or several of the preceding claims, characterized in that the linear measuring device is embodied as an inductive measuring device, i.e. the sensor/sensors (14) picks up/pick up the varying permeability values existing on the tape-shaped measuring body (12), and emits/emit its/their signals to the evaluation unit (16).
 17. The linear measuring device in accordance with claim 1, 3, 8, 9, 11 to 16, characterized in that the fixation means (50) are embodied as individual elements, which are inserted from the rear of the conduit (42) through a in a recess of the component enclosing the conduit (42) and fixed in place.
 18. The linear measuring device in accordance with claim 17, characterized in that the fixation means (50) are embodied as screws.
 19. The linear measuring device in accordance with claim 17 or 18, characterized in that the fixation means (50) are provided in a preset grid pattern along the longitudinal axis of the measuring body (12).
 20. The linear measuring device in accordance with the preamble of claim 1, characterized by the following features: the measuring body is arranged in a closed conduit, which is only open or can be opened on at least one front face, and the measuring body is contained inside the conduit under prestress.
 21. The linear measuring device in accordance with one or several of claims 1 to 4, 8, 9, 11 to 14, 16, characterized in that the fixation means (60) is/are embodied in the form of at least one elastic hose, in particular in the form of at least two elastic hoses.
 22. The linear measuring device in accordance with one or several of claims 1 to 4, 8, 9, 11 to 14, 16 characterized in that the fixation means (40.3) are embodied as a metallic tape body, in particular having two convexly curved elastically resilient wall units (62), which are connected along their lateral longitudinal edges.
 23. The linear measuring device in accordance with claim 21 or 22, characterized in that the inner hollow chamber of the fixation means (60, 40.3) is embodied so that it can be at least partially evacuated.
 24. The linear measuring device in accordance with claim 21 or 22, characterized in that the inner hollow chamber of the fixation means (60, 40.3) can be placed under pressure or ambient pressure.
 25. The linear measuring device in accordance with one or several of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fixation means have a valve unit (36).
 26. The linear measuring device in accordance with one or several of the preceding claims, characterized in that several guide profiles (22.1, 22.2, 22.3), arranged one behind the other, are provided, wherein a continuous measuring body (12), or one measuring body (12.1, 12.2, 12.3) per guide profile (22.1, 22.2, 22.3) is provided.
 27. The linear measuring device in accordance with claim 14, characterized in that several conduits, or grooves with a measuring body and fixation means exist on/in the guide profile, or on/in the machine bed, or on/in specially produced components.
 28. The linear measuring device in accordance with one or several of the preceding claims, characterized in that a sliding means is provided inside the conduit or the groove.
 29. The linear measuring device in accordance with claim 14, characterized in that the guide profile (22.5) extends circularly in the longitudinal direction.
 30. The linear measuring device in accordance with one or several of the preceding claims, characterized in that additional fixation means (80) are provided, which fix the measuring body (12) positively or non-positively in the conduit (42), or the groove (32).
 31. The linear measuring device in accordance with claim 14 or 29, wherein the guide profile (22.4) has continuous recesses (54) for fastening means (58) for connection the guide profile (22.4) on the base (26), characterized in that a further information unit (56) is arranged in at least one recess (54), and contains information regarding reference points or end positions, which can be evaluated by a sensor.
 32. The linear measuring device in accordance with claim 31, characterized in that the information unit (56) is embodied as a magnetic unit. 